A strong document photo starts with a clean original image, the exact application profile, and the current instructions from the issuing authority.
Move away from the background
Standing a few feet in front of the wall can soften the shadow behind the head. Keep the background plain and use the color required by the selected document.
Face the main light source
A large window or broad diffused light placed near the camera produces more even illumination than a small side lamp. Check both cheeks, the eyes, and the area under the chin.
Control glasses and reflective surfaces
Raise or widen the light source until reflections no longer cover the eyes. Never digitally rebuild an eye or remove glare in a way that changes the person’s appearance.
Avoid mixed color temperatures
Daylight combined with warm household bulbs can produce uneven skin and background colors. Use one consistent light source when possible and turn off competing fixtures.
Retake instead of over-editing
Editing rules differ by authority, and some explicitly reject brightness changes, shadow removal, background replacement, or other digital alteration. A better original capture is the safest correction.